What it measures
The genetic material (RNA) of HIV-1 in the blood, found by PCR. It detects the virus itself rather than the body's response to it, so it can find an infection earlier than antibody or antigen tests.
Why people test it
- Checking for a very recent infection, before antibody or antigen tests can show it.
- Monitoring the virus in people living with HIV who take antiretroviral medicine.
Typical range
The result is reported as detected or not detected, and where the lab measures the amount it is given in copies per millilitre. The lowest amount a test can find varies by lab and method, and the report shows the lab's own limit.
Finger-prick or vein?
Providers offer this test only from a vein sample, taken at a clinic or by a visiting nurse.